1, urinary system disease should stress prevention. Prevention of streptococcal infection, avoidance or reduction of upper respiratory tract and skin infections can significantly reduce the incidence of glomerulonephritis. Timely treatment of various causes of urinary tract obstruction can help reduce bacterial infections and reduce secondary urinary tract stones. The epithelial cells covering the renal bulb, renal pelvis, bladder and posterior urethra are transitional epithelial cells, and transitional cell carcinoma occupies the main place in the urinary system tumors. No smoking can reduce the incidence of this cancer. The reason for the urinary stones must be solved, such as hyperparathyroidism; and reduce urinary stone composition food (such as salt of uric acid calculi were emphasized to avoid nuclear high protein content of the internal organs) to prevent. To dilute the concentration of salts increased drinking urine, calculi of ingredients have a certain preventive effect.
2 、 the diagnosis and treatment of urinary system diseases by endoscope is very important in urology. On the basis of the bladder and urethra mirror, the ureter mirror and the kidney mirror (pelvis mirror) have become the routine diagnosis and treatment tool for more than 10 years, and formed the specialty of cavity Canal Department of urology. Through transurethral resection of the prostate (a special bladder endoscope), transurethral resection of the majority of patients with prostate obstruction can be performed instead of open surgery, which can relieve the burden of the patient. Combined with ultrasonic or electrohydraulic effects, the endoscope can be used for comminution and removal of stones. Therefore, the development of cavity tract Department of Urology reduces the need for surgical treatment of stones. Similarly, bladder cancer can be removed by cystoscopy to replace partial cystectomy. Of course, the treatment of cavity Department of Urology has indications, can not completely replace the operation.
3 extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) is a new technology and new machine used in clinical research in West Germany in 70s and in 80s. Through the action of the medium of water, the energy produced by electric spark or piezoelectric ceramic is introduced into the body, and the urinary stone is crushed so that it can be expelled from the body itself. This technique of getting energy from the body into the body to achieve therapeutic effects is a major medical innovation. The technique has expanded from crushing urolithiasis to crushing gallstones and is studying whether it can be applied to other lesions. The appearance of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) completely altered the indications for stone surgery. Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy does not require open surgery, nor does it require anesthesia. Treatment can be performed in an outpatient clinic. China has developed its own extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) in 80s, and has had its own experience in extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL), and some experience has been popularized worldwide. Although extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy is a breakthrough in treatment technology, it still has indications and complications, and it is easy to recur. At present, the focus of the study is how to correctly combine with the cavity Canal Department of Urology method and surgical treatment, and reduce complications and recurrence.
4, renal transplantation and dialysis therapy are two effective measures for the treatment of advanced renal failure, called renal replacement therapy. At the same time, dialysis therapy is an important treatment for some patients with acute renal failure. In organ transplantation, renal transplantation is the first in practical value, technical maturity and transplantation effect. Artificial kidney, also known as blood purification therapy, including hemodialysis, blood filtration, blood perfusion, etc., mainly hemodialysis. Currently, about 500 thousand people around the world rely on hemodialysis to maintain their lives, some of them can maintain light work or mental work. In recent years, China's artificial kidney has also been greatly developed. Peritoneal dialysis is simple, without special equipment, has a very good effect on acute renal failure in chronic renal failure, take continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD), as a maintenance treatment, is also a great development. Due to the longer duration of chronic renal failure, has the characteristics of gradual deterioration in renal function, has not completely lost without dialysis treatment before taking non dialysis therapy, prevent or delay the deterioration of renal function, has important significance. In recent years, researchers have begun to pay attention to this research, and have carried out a variety of treatments, including nutrition, metabolism, erythropoietin, anemia, etc.. China has also conducted a combination of traditional Chinese and Western medicine, and has confirmed that some measures can delay the progression of the disease, thus opening a new vista for the treatment of end-stage renal failure.
6, the immune mechanism of kidney disease, after decades of study, medicine has accumulated a lot of knowledge, and the corresponding development of immunosuppressive therapy, has many kinds of kidney disease can be cured or alleviated, the kidney transplantation has become a reality. However, the current immunosuppressive agents are nonspecific, that is, the inhibition of "harmful" cells, but also inhibit other normal cells, resulting in many adverse consequences, which is an urgent need to solve the problem. Many kinds of cells can be isolated from kidney tissue at present, and most of them can be cultured in vitro, which provides a broad prospect for the study of new prevention and treatment measures. Other non exempt
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